package org.infinispan.cache.impl;

import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
import static org.infinispan.context.Flag.FAIL_SILENTLY;
import static org.infinispan.context.Flag.FORCE_ASYNCHRONOUS;
import static org.infinispan.context.Flag.IGNORE_RETURN_VALUES;
import static org.infinispan.context.Flag.PUT_FOR_EXTERNAL_READ;
import static org.infinispan.context.Flag.ZERO_LOCK_ACQUISITION_TIMEOUT;
import static org.infinispan.context.InvocationContextFactory.UNBOUNDED;
import static org.infinispan.factories.KnownComponentNames.ASYNC_OPERATIONS_EXECUTOR;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import javax.security.auth.Subject;
import javax.transaction.InvalidTransactionException;
import javax.transaction.SystemException;
import javax.transaction.Transaction;
import javax.transaction.TransactionManager;
import javax.transaction.xa.XAResource;

import org.infinispan.AdvancedCache;
import org.infinispan.CacheCollection;
import org.infinispan.CacheSet;
import org.infinispan.Version;
import org.infinispan.atomic.Delta;
import org.infinispan.batch.BatchContainer;
import org.infinispan.commands.CommandsFactory;
import org.infinispan.commands.VisitableCommand;
import org.infinispan.commands.control.LockControlCommand;
import org.infinispan.commands.read.EntrySetCommand;
import org.infinispan.commands.read.GetAllCommand;
import org.infinispan.commands.read.GetCacheEntryCommand;
import org.infinispan.commands.read.GetKeyValueCommand;
import org.infinispan.commands.read.KeySetCommand;
import org.infinispan.commands.read.SizeCommand;
import org.infinispan.commands.remote.GetKeysInGroupCommand;
import org.infinispan.commands.write.ApplyDeltaCommand;
import org.infinispan.commands.write.ClearCommand;
import org.infinispan.commands.write.EvictCommand;
import org.infinispan.commands.write.PutKeyValueCommand;
import org.infinispan.commands.write.PutMapCommand;
import org.infinispan.commands.write.RemoveCommand;
import org.infinispan.commands.write.RemoveExpiredCommand;
import org.infinispan.commands.write.ReplaceCommand;
import org.infinispan.commands.write.ValueMatcher;
import org.infinispan.commons.CacheException;
import org.infinispan.commons.api.BasicCacheContainer;
import org.infinispan.commons.dataconversion.Encoder;
import org.infinispan.commons.dataconversion.MediaType;
import org.infinispan.commons.dataconversion.Wrapper;
import org.infinispan.commons.marshall.StreamingMarshaller;
import org.infinispan.commons.util.EnumUtil;
import org.infinispan.commons.util.InfinispanCollections;
import org.infinispan.commons.util.Util;
import org.infinispan.configuration.cache.Configuration;
import org.infinispan.configuration.format.PropertyFormatter;
import org.infinispan.configuration.global.GlobalConfiguration;
import org.infinispan.container.DataContainer;
import org.infinispan.container.entries.CacheEntry;
import org.infinispan.context.Flag;
import org.infinispan.context.InvocationContext;
import org.infinispan.context.InvocationContextContainer;
import org.infinispan.context.InvocationContextFactory;
import org.infinispan.context.impl.FlagBitSets;
import org.infinispan.context.impl.TxInvocationContext;
import org.infinispan.distribution.DistributionManager;
import org.infinispan.encoding.DataConversion;
import org.infinispan.eviction.EvictionManager;
import org.infinispan.eviction.PassivationManager;
import org.infinispan.expiration.ExpirationManager;
import org.infinispan.factories.ComponentRegistry;
import org.infinispan.factories.annotations.ComponentName;
import org.infinispan.factories.annotations.Inject;
import org.infinispan.factories.annotations.SurvivesRestarts;
import org.infinispan.filter.KeyFilter;
import org.infinispan.interceptors.AsyncInterceptor;
import org.infinispan.interceptors.AsyncInterceptorChain;
import org.infinispan.interceptors.base.CommandInterceptor;
import org.infinispan.jmx.annotations.DataType;
import org.infinispan.jmx.annotations.DisplayType;
import org.infinispan.jmx.annotations.MBean;
import org.infinispan.jmx.annotations.ManagedAttribute;
import org.infinispan.jmx.annotations.ManagedOperation;
import org.infinispan.lifecycle.ComponentStatus;
import org.infinispan.manager.EmbeddedCacheManager;
import org.infinispan.metadata.EmbeddedMetadata;
import org.infinispan.metadata.Metadata;
import org.infinispan.notifications.cachelistener.CacheNotifier;
import org.infinispan.notifications.cachelistener.ListenerHolder;
import org.infinispan.notifications.cachelistener.filter.CacheEventConverter;
import org.infinispan.notifications.cachelistener.filter.CacheEventFilter;
import org.infinispan.partitionhandling.AvailabilityMode;
import org.infinispan.partitionhandling.impl.PartitionHandlingManager;
import org.infinispan.remoting.rpc.RpcManager;
import org.infinispan.security.AuthorizationManager;
import org.infinispan.stats.Stats;
import org.infinispan.stats.impl.StatsImpl;
import org.infinispan.stream.StreamMarshalling;
import org.infinispan.stream.impl.local.ValueCacheCollection;
import org.infinispan.topology.LocalTopologyManager;
import org.infinispan.transaction.impl.TransactionCoordinator;
import org.infinispan.transaction.impl.TransactionTable;
import org.infinispan.transaction.xa.TransactionXaAdapter;
import org.infinispan.transaction.xa.XaTransactionTable;
import org.infinispan.transaction.xa.recovery.RecoveryManager;
import org.infinispan.util.concurrent.locks.LockManager;
import org.infinispan.util.logging.Log;
import org.infinispan.util.logging.LogFactory;

/**
 * @author Mircea.Markus@jboss.com
 * @author Galder Zamarreño
 * @author Sanne Grinovero
 * @author <a href="http://gleamynode.net/">Trustin Lee</a>
 * @since 4.0
 */
@SurvivesRestarts
@MBean(objectName = CacheImpl.OBJECT_NAME, description = "Component that represents an individual cache instance.")
public class CacheImpl<K, V> implements AdvancedCache<K, V> {
   public static final String OBJECT_NAME = "Cache";
   private static final long PFER_FLAGS = EnumUtil.bitSetOf(FAIL_SILENTLY, FORCE_ASYNCHRONOUS, ZERO_LOCK_ACQUISITION_TIMEOUT, PUT_FOR_EXTERNAL_READ, IGNORE_RETURN_VALUES);

   protected InvocationContextFactory invocationContextFactory;
   protected CommandsFactory commandsFactory;
   protected AsyncInterceptorChain invoker;
   protected Configuration config;
   protected CacheNotifier notifier;
   protected BatchContainer batchContainer;
   protected ComponentRegistry componentRegistry;
   protected TransactionManager transactionManager;
   protected RpcManager rpcManager;
   protected StreamingMarshaller marshaller;
   protected Metadata defaultMetadata;
   private final String name;
   private EvictionManager evictionManager;
   private ExpirationManager<K, V> expirationManager;
   private DataContainer dataContainer;
   private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(CacheImpl.class);
   private static final boolean trace = log.isTraceEnabled();
   private EmbeddedCacheManager cacheManager;
   private LockManager lockManager;
   private DistributionManager distributionManager;
   private ExecutorService asyncExecutor;
   private TransactionTable txTable;
   private RecoveryManager recoveryManager;
   private TransactionCoordinator txCoordinator;
   private AuthorizationManager authorizationManager;
   private PartitionHandlingManager partitionHandlingManager;
   private GlobalConfiguration globalCfg;
   private LocalTopologyManager localTopologyManager;
   private volatile boolean stopping = false;
   private boolean transactional;
   private boolean batchingEnabled;

   public CacheImpl(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }

   @Inject
   public void injectDependencies(EvictionManager evictionManager,
                                  ExpirationManager expirationManager,
                                  InvocationContextFactory invocationContextFactory,
                                  CommandsFactory commandsFactory,
                                  AsyncInterceptorChain interceptorChain,
                                  Configuration configuration,
                                  CacheNotifier notifier,
                                  ComponentRegistry componentRegistry,
                                  TransactionManager transactionManager,
                                  BatchContainer batchContainer,
                                  RpcManager rpcManager, DataContainer dataContainer,
                                  StreamingMarshaller marshaller,
                                  DistributionManager distributionManager,
                                  EmbeddedCacheManager cacheManager,
                                  @ComponentName(ASYNC_OPERATIONS_EXECUTOR) ExecutorService asyncExecutor,
                                  TransactionTable txTable, RecoveryManager recoveryManager, TransactionCoordinator txCoordinator,
                                  LockManager lockManager,
                                  AuthorizationManager authorizationManager,
                                  GlobalConfiguration globalCfg,
                                  PartitionHandlingManager partitionHandlingManager,
                                  LocalTopologyManager localTopologyManager) {
      this.commandsFactory = commandsFactory;
      this.invoker = interceptorChain;
      this.config = configuration;
      this.notifier = notifier;
      this.componentRegistry = componentRegistry;
      this.transactionManager = transactionManager;
      this.batchContainer = batchContainer;
      this.rpcManager = rpcManager;
      this.evictionManager = evictionManager;
      this.expirationManager = expirationManager;
      this.dataContainer = dataContainer;
      this.marshaller = marshaller;
      this.cacheManager = cacheManager;
      this.invocationContextFactory = invocationContextFactory;
      this.distributionManager = distributionManager;
      this.asyncExecutor = asyncExecutor;
      this.txTable = txTable;
      this.recoveryManager = recoveryManager;
      this.txCoordinator = txCoordinator;
      this.lockManager = lockManager;
      this.authorizationManager = authorizationManager;
      this.globalCfg = globalCfg;
      this.partitionHandlingManager = partitionHandlingManager;
      this.localTopologyManager = localTopologyManager;

      // We have to do this before start, since some components may start before the actual cache and they
      // have to have access to the default metadata on some operations
      defaultMetadata = new EmbeddedMetadata.Builder()
            .lifespan(config.expiration().lifespan()).maxIdle(config.expiration().maxIdle()).build();
      transactional = config.transaction().transactionMode().isTransactional();
      batchingEnabled = config.invocationBatching().enabled();
   }

   private void assertKeyNotNull(Object key) {
      if (key == null) {
         throw new NullPointerException("Null keys are not supported!");
      }
   }

   private void assertKeyValueNotNull(Object key, Object value) {
      assertKeyNotNull(key);
      if (value == null) {
         throw new NullPointerException("Null values are not supported!");
      }
   }

   private void assertValueNotNull(Object value) {
      if (value == null) {
         throw new NullPointerException("Null values are not supported!");
      }
   }

   // CacheSupport does not extend AdvancedCache, so it cannot really call up
   // to the cache methods that take Metadata parameter. Since CacheSupport
   // methods are declared final, the easiest is for CacheImpl to stop
   // extending CacheSupport and implement the base methods directly.

   @Override
   public final V put(K key, V value) {
      return put(key, value, defaultMetadata);
   }

   @Override
   public final V put(K key, V value, long lifespan, TimeUnit unit) {
      return put(key, value, lifespan, unit, defaultMetadata.maxIdle(), MILLISECONDS);
   }

   @Override
   public final V putIfAbsent(K key, V value, long lifespan, TimeUnit unit) {
      return putIfAbsent(key, value, lifespan, unit, defaultMetadata.maxIdle(), MILLISECONDS);
   }

   @Override
   public final void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map, long lifespan, TimeUnit unit) {
      putAll(map, lifespan, unit, defaultMetadata.maxIdle(), MILLISECONDS);
   }

   @Override
   public final V replace(K key, V value, long lifespan, TimeUnit unit) {
      return replace(key, value, lifespan, unit, defaultMetadata.maxIdle(), MILLISECONDS);
   }

   @Override
   public final boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V value, long lifespan, TimeUnit unit) {
      return replace(key, oldValue, value, lifespan, unit, defaultMetadata.maxIdle(), MILLISECONDS);
   }

   @Override
   public final V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
      return putIfAbsent(key, value, defaultMetadata);
   }

   @Override
   public final boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
      return replace(key, oldValue, newValue, defaultMetadata);
   }

   @Override
   public final V replace(K key, V value) {
      return replace(key, value, defaultMetadata);
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<V> putAsync(K key, V value) {
      return putAsync(key, value, defaultMetadata);
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<V> putAsync(K key, V value, long lifespan, TimeUnit unit) {
      return putAsync(key, value, lifespan, unit, defaultMetadata.maxIdle(), MILLISECONDS);
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<Void> putAllAsync(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> data) {
      return putAllAsync(data, defaultMetadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<Void> putAllAsync(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> data, long lifespan, TimeUnit unit) {
      return putAllAsync(data, lifespan, MILLISECONDS, defaultMetadata.maxIdle(), MILLISECONDS);
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<V> putIfAbsentAsync(K key, V value) {
      return putIfAbsentAsync(key, value, defaultMetadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<V> putIfAbsentAsync(K key, V value, long lifespan, TimeUnit unit) {
      return putIfAbsentAsync(key, value, lifespan, unit, defaultMetadata.maxIdle(), MILLISECONDS);
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<V> replaceAsync(K key, V value) {
      return replaceAsync(key, value, defaultMetadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<V> replaceAsync(K key, V value, long lifespan, TimeUnit unit) {
      return replaceAsync(key, value, lifespan, unit, defaultMetadata.maxIdle(), MILLISECONDS);
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<Boolean> replaceAsync(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
      return replaceAsync(key, oldValue, newValue, defaultMetadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<Boolean> replaceAsync(K key, V oldValue, V newValue, long lifespan, TimeUnit unit) {
      return replaceAsync(key, oldValue, newValue, lifespan, unit, defaultMetadata.maxIdle(), MILLISECONDS);
   }

   @Override
   public final void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
      putAll(m, defaultMetadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @Override
   public final boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
      return remove(key, value, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final boolean remove(Object key, Object value, long explicitFlags) {
      assertKeyValueNotNull(key, value);
      InvocationContext ctx = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransaction(false, 1);
      return removeInternal(key, value, explicitFlags, ctx);
   }

   private boolean removeInternal(Object key, Object value, long explicitFlags, InvocationContext ctx) {
      RemoveCommand command = commandsFactory.buildRemoveCommand(key, value, explicitFlags);
      ctx.setLockOwner(command.getKeyLockOwner());
      return (Boolean) executeCommandAndCommitIfNeeded(ctx, command);
   }

   @Override
   public final int size() {
      return size(EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final int size(long explicitFlags) {
      SizeCommand command = commandsFactory.buildSizeCommand(explicitFlags);
      return (Integer) invoker.invoke(invocationContextFactory.createInvocationContext(false, UNBOUNDED), command);
   }

   @Override
   public final boolean isEmpty() {
      return isEmpty(EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final boolean isEmpty(long explicitFlags) {
      return !entrySet(explicitFlags).stream().anyMatch(StreamMarshalling.alwaysTruePredicate());
   }

   @Override
   public final boolean containsKey(Object key) {
      return containsKey(key, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final boolean containsKey(Object key, long explicitFlags) {
      return get(key, explicitFlags) != null;
   }

   @Override
   public final boolean containsValue(Object value) {
      assertValueNotNull(value);
      return values().stream().anyMatch(StreamMarshalling.equalityPredicate(value));
   }

   @Override
   public final V get(Object key) {
      return get(key, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   final V get(Object key, long explicitFlags) {
      assertKeyNotNull(key);
      InvocationContext ctx = invocationContextFactory.createInvocationContext(false, 1);
      GetKeyValueCommand command = commandsFactory.buildGetKeyValueCommand(key, explicitFlags);
      return (V) invoker.invoke(ctx, command);
   }

   final CacheEntry getCacheEntry(Object key, long explicitFlags) {
      assertKeyNotNull(key);
      InvocationContext ctx = invocationContextFactory.createInvocationContext(false, 1);
      GetCacheEntryCommand command = commandsFactory.buildGetCacheEntryCommand(key, explicitFlags);
      Object ret = invoker.invoke(ctx, command);
      return (CacheEntry) ret;
   }

   @Override
   public final CacheEntry getCacheEntry(Object key) {
      return getCacheEntry(key, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @Override
   public Map<K, V> getAll(Set<?> keys) {
      return getAll(keys, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final Map<K, V> getAll(Set<?> keys, long explicitFlags) {
      InvocationContext ctx = invocationContextFactory.createInvocationContext(false, keys.size());
      GetAllCommand command = commandsFactory.buildGetAllCommand(keys, explicitFlags, false);
      Map<K, V> map = (Map<K, V>) invoker.invoke(ctx, command);
      Iterator<Map.Entry<K, V>> entryIterator = map.entrySet().iterator();
      while (entryIterator.hasNext()) {
         Map.Entry<K, V> entry = entryIterator.next();
         if (entry.getValue() == null) {
            entryIterator.remove();
         }
      }
      return map;
   }

   @Override
   public Map<K, CacheEntry<K, V>> getAllCacheEntries(Set<?> keys) {
      return getAllCacheEntries(keys, null);
   }

   public final Map<K, CacheEntry<K, V>> getAllCacheEntries(Set<?> keys,
         EnumSet<Flag> explicitFlags) {
      InvocationContext ctx = invocationContextFactory.createInvocationContext(false, keys.size());
      GetAllCommand command = commandsFactory.buildGetAllCommand(keys, EnumUtil.bitSetOf(explicitFlags), true);
      Map<K, CacheEntry<K, V>> map = (Map<K, CacheEntry<K, V>>) invoker.invoke(ctx, command);
      Iterator<Map.Entry<K, CacheEntry<K, V>>> entryIterator = map.entrySet().iterator();
      while (entryIterator.hasNext()) {
         Map.Entry<K, CacheEntry<K, V>> entry = entryIterator.next();
         if (entry.getValue() == null) {
            entryIterator.remove();
         }
      }
      return map;
   }

   @Override
   public Map<K, V> getGroup(String groupName) {
      return getGroup(groupName, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final Map<K, V> getGroup(String groupName, long explicitFlags) {
      InvocationContext ctx = invocationContextFactory.createInvocationContext(false, UNBOUNDED);
      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(internalGetGroup(groupName, explicitFlags, ctx));
   }

   private Map<K, V> internalGetGroup(String groupName, long explicitFlagsBitSet, InvocationContext ctx) {
      GetKeysInGroupCommand command = commandsFactory.buildGetKeysInGroupCommand(explicitFlagsBitSet, groupName);
      //noinspection unchecked
      return (Map<K, V>) invoker.invoke(ctx, command);
   }

   @Override
   public void removeGroup(String groupName) {
      removeGroup(groupName, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @Deprecated
   protected final void removeGroup(String groupName, EnumSet<Flag> explicitFlags) {
      removeGroup(groupName, EnumUtil.bitSetOf(explicitFlags));
   }

   final void removeGroup(String groupName, long explicitFlags) {
      if (!transactional) {
         nonTransactionalRemoveGroup(groupName, explicitFlags);
      } else {
         transactionalRemoveGroup(groupName, explicitFlags);
      }
   }

   private void transactionalRemoveGroup(String groupName, long explicitFlagsBitSet) {
      final boolean onGoingTransaction = getOngoingTransaction() != null;
      if (!onGoingTransaction) {
         tryBegin();
      }
      try {
         InvocationContext context = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransaction(false, UNBOUNDED);
         Map<K, V> keys = internalGetGroup(groupName, explicitFlagsBitSet, context);
         long removeFlags = addIgnoreReturnValuesFlag(explicitFlagsBitSet);
         for (K key : keys.keySet()) {
            removeInternal(key, removeFlags, context);
         }
         if (!onGoingTransaction) {
            tryCommit();
         }
      } catch (RuntimeException e) {
         if (!onGoingTransaction) {
            tryRollback();
         }
         throw e;
      }
   }

   private void nonTransactionalRemoveGroup(String groupName, long explicitFlags) {
      InvocationContext context = invocationContextFactory.createInvocationContext(false, UNBOUNDED);
      Map<K, V> keys = internalGetGroup(groupName, explicitFlags, context);
      long removeFlags = addIgnoreReturnValuesFlag(explicitFlags);
      for (K key : keys.keySet()) {
         //a new context is needed for remove since in the non-owners, the command is sent to the primary owner to be
         //executed. If the context is already populated, it throws a ClassCastException because the wrapForRemove is
         //not invoked.
         assertKeyNotNull(key);
         InvocationContext ctx = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransaction(false, 1);
         removeInternal(key, removeFlags, ctx);
      }
   }

   @Override
   public final V remove(Object key) {
      return remove(key, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final V remove(Object key, long explicitFlags) {
      assertKeyNotNull(key);
      InvocationContext ctx = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransaction(false, 1);
      return removeInternal(key, explicitFlags, ctx);
   }

   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   private V removeInternal(Object key, long explicitFlags, InvocationContext ctx) {
      long flags = addUnsafeFlags(explicitFlags);
      RemoveCommand command = commandsFactory.buildRemoveCommand(key, null, flags);
      ctx.setLockOwner(command.getKeyLockOwner());
      return (V) executeCommandAndCommitIfNeeded(ctx, command);
   }

   @Override
   public void removeExpired(K key, V value, Long lifespan) {
      InvocationContext ctx = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransaction(false, 1);
      RemoveExpiredCommand command = commandsFactory.buildRemoveExpiredCommand(key, value, lifespan);
      ctx.setLockOwner(command.getKeyLockOwner());
      // Send an expired remove command to everyone
      executeCommandAndCommitIfNeeded(ctx, command);
   }

   @Override
   public AdvancedCache<K, V> withEncoding(Class<? extends Encoder> encoderClass) {
      return new EncoderCache<>(this, DataConversion.DEFAULT_KEY.withEncoding(encoderClass), DataConversion.DEFAULT_VALUE.withEncoding(encoderClass));
   }

   @Override
   public AdvancedCache<?, ?> withKeyEncoding(Class<? extends Encoder> encoderClass) {
      return new EncoderCache<>(this, DataConversion.DEFAULT_KEY.withEncoding(encoderClass), DataConversion.DEFAULT_VALUE);
   }

   @Override
   public AdvancedCache<K, V> withEncoding(Class<? extends Encoder> keyEncoderClass, Class<? extends Encoder> valueEncoderClass) {
      return new EncoderCache<>(this, DataConversion.DEFAULT_KEY.withEncoding(keyEncoderClass), DataConversion.DEFAULT_VALUE.withEncoding(valueEncoderClass));
   }

   @Override
   public AdvancedCache<K, V> withWrapping(Class<? extends Wrapper> wrapperClass) {
      return new EncoderCache<>(this, DataConversion.DEFAULT_KEY.withWrapping(wrapperClass), DataConversion.DEFAULT_VALUE.withWrapping(wrapperClass));
   }

   @Override
   public AdvancedCache<K, V> withMediaType(String keyMediaType, String valueMediaType) {
      MediaType km = MediaType.fromString(keyMediaType);
      MediaType vm = MediaType.fromString(valueMediaType);
      return new EncoderCache<>(this, DataConversion.DEFAULT_KEY.withRequestMediaType(km), DataConversion.DEFAULT_VALUE.withRequestMediaType(vm));
   }


   @Override
   public Encoder getKeyEncoder() {
      return getKeyDataConversion().getEncoder();
   }

   @Override
   public Encoder getValueEncoder() {
      return getValueDataConversion().getEncoder();
   }

   @Override
   public Wrapper getKeyWrapper() {
      return getKeyDataConversion().getWrapper();
   }

   @Override
   public Wrapper getValueWrapper() {
      return getValueDataConversion().getWrapper();
   }

   @Override
   public AdvancedCache<K, V> withWrapping(Class<? extends Wrapper> keyWrapperClass, Class<? extends Wrapper> valueWrapperClass) {
      return new EncoderCache<>(this, DataConversion.DEFAULT_KEY.withWrapping(keyWrapperClass), DataConversion.DEFAULT_VALUE.withWrapping(valueWrapperClass));
   }

   @Override
   public DataConversion getKeyDataConversion() {
      return DataConversion.DEFAULT_KEY;
   }

   @Override
   public DataConversion getValueDataConversion() {
      return DataConversion.DEFAULT_VALUE;
   }

   @ManagedOperation(
         description = "Clears the cache",
         displayName = "Clears the cache", name = "clear"
   )
   public final void clearOperation() {
      clear(EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @Override
   public final void clear() {
      clear(EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final void clear(long explicitFlags) {
      final Transaction tx = suspendOngoingTransactionIfExists();
      try {
         InvocationContext context = invocationContextFactory.createClearNonTxInvocationContext();
         ClearCommand command = commandsFactory.buildClearCommand(explicitFlags);
         invoker.invoke(context, command);
      } finally {
         resumePreviousOngoingTransaction(tx, true, "Had problems trying to resume a transaction after clear()");
      }
   }

   @Override
   public CacheSet<K> keySet() {
      return keySet(EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   CacheSet<K> keySet(long explicitFlags) {
      InvocationContext ctx = invocationContextFactory.createInvocationContext(false, UNBOUNDED);
      KeySetCommand command = commandsFactory.buildKeySetCommand(explicitFlags);
      return (CacheSet<K>) invoker.invoke(ctx, command);
   }

   @Override
   public CacheCollection<V> values() {
      return values(EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   CacheCollection<V> values(long explicitFlags) {
      return new ValueCacheCollection<>(this, cacheEntrySet(explicitFlags));
   }

   @Override
   public CacheSet<CacheEntry<K, V>> cacheEntrySet() {
      return cacheEntrySet(EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   CacheSet<CacheEntry<K, V>> cacheEntrySet(long explicitFlags) {
      InvocationContext ctx = invocationContextFactory.createInvocationContext(false, UNBOUNDED);
      EntrySetCommand command = commandsFactory.buildEntrySetCommand(explicitFlags);
      return (CacheSet<CacheEntry<K, V>>) invoker.invoke(ctx, command);
   }

   @Override
   public CacheSet<Entry<K, V>> entrySet() {
      return entrySet(EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   CacheSet<Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet(long explicitFlags) {
      InvocationContext ctx = invocationContextFactory.createInvocationContext(false, UNBOUNDED);
      EntrySetCommand command = commandsFactory.buildEntrySetCommand(explicitFlags);
      return (CacheSet<Map.Entry<K, V>>) invoker.invoke(ctx, command);
   }

   @Override
   public final void putForExternalRead(K key, V value) {
      putForExternalRead(key, value, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @Override
   public void putForExternalRead(K key, V value, long lifespan, TimeUnit lifespanUnit) {
      putForExternalRead(key, value, lifespan, lifespanUnit, defaultMetadata.maxIdle(), MILLISECONDS);
   }

   @Override
   public void putForExternalRead(K key, V value, long lifespan, TimeUnit lifespanUnit, long maxIdleTime, TimeUnit idleTimeUnit) {
      Metadata metadata = new EmbeddedMetadata.Builder()
            .lifespan(lifespan, lifespanUnit)
            .maxIdle(maxIdleTime, idleTimeUnit).build();
      putForExternalRead(key, value, metadata);
   }

   @Override
   public void putForExternalRead(K key, V value, Metadata metadata) {
      Metadata merged = applyDefaultMetadata(metadata);
      putForExternalRead(key, value, merged, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final void putForExternalRead(K key, V value, long explicitFlags) {
      putForExternalRead(key, value, defaultMetadata, explicitFlags);
   }

   final void putForExternalRead(K key, V value, Metadata metadata, long explicitFlags) {
      Transaction ongoingTransaction = null;
      try {
         ongoingTransaction = suspendOngoingTransactionIfExists();
         // if the entry exists then this should be a no-op.
         putIfAbsent(key, value, metadata, EnumUtil.mergeBitSets(PFER_FLAGS, explicitFlags));
      } catch (Exception e) {
         if (log.isDebugEnabled()) log.debug("Caught exception while doing putForExternalRead()", e);
      } finally {
         resumePreviousOngoingTransaction(ongoingTransaction, true, "Had problems trying to resume a transaction after putForExternalRead()");
      }
   }

   @Override
   public final void evict(K key) {
      evict(key, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final void evict(K key, long explicitFlags) {
      assertKeyNotNull(key);
      if (!config.memory().isEvictionEnabled()) {
         log.evictionDisabled(name);
      }
      InvocationContext ctx = createSingleKeyNonTxInvocationContext();
      EvictCommand command = commandsFactory.buildEvictCommand(key, explicitFlags);
      invoker.invoke(ctx, command);
   }

   private InvocationContext createSingleKeyNonTxInvocationContext() {
      return invocationContextFactory.createSingleKeyNonTxInvocationContext();
   }

   @Override
   public Configuration getCacheConfiguration() {
      return config;
   }

   @Override
   public void addListener(Object listener) {
      notifier.addListener(listener);
   }

   void addListener(ListenerHolder listenerHolder) {
      notifier.addListener(listenerHolder, null, null, null);
   }

   <C> void addListener(ListenerHolder listenerHolder, CacheEventFilter<? super K, ? super V> filter,
                        CacheEventConverter<? super K, ? super V, C> converter) {
      notifier.addListener(listenerHolder, filter, converter, null);
   }


   @Override
   public void addListener(Object listener, KeyFilter<? super K> filter) {
      notifier.addListener(listener, filter);
   }

   @Override
   public <C> void addListener(Object listener, CacheEventFilter<? super K, ? super V> filter,
                               CacheEventConverter<? super K, ? super V, C> converter) {
      notifier.addListener(listener, filter, converter);
   }

   @Override
   public void removeListener(Object listener) {
      notifier.removeListener(listener);
   }

   @Override
   public Set<Object> getListeners() {
      return notifier.getListeners();
   }

   @Override
   public <C> void addFilteredListener(Object listener,
                                       CacheEventFilter<? super K, ? super V> filter, CacheEventConverter<? super K, ? super V, C> converter,
                                       Set<Class<? extends Annotation>> filterAnnotations) {
      notifier.addFilteredListener(listener, filter, converter, filterAnnotations);
   }

   <C> void addFilteredListener(ListenerHolder listener,
                                CacheEventFilter<? super K, ? super V> filter, CacheEventConverter<? super K, ? super V, C> converter,
                                Set<Class<? extends Annotation>> filterAnnotations) {
      notifier.addFilteredListener(listener, filter, converter, filterAnnotations);
   }

   private InvocationContext getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransactionForAsyncOps(boolean isPutForExternalRead, int keyCount) {
      InvocationContext ctx = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransaction(isPutForExternalRead, keyCount);
      //If the transaction was injected then we should not have it associated to caller's thread, but with the async thread
      try {
         if (isTxInjected(ctx))
            transactionManager.suspend();
      } catch (SystemException e) {
         throw new CacheException(e);
      }
      return ctx;
   }

   /**
    * If this is a transactional cache and autoCommit is set to true then starts a transaction if this is
    * not a transactional call.
    */
   private InvocationContext getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransaction(boolean isPutForExternalRead, int keyCount) {
      InvocationContext invocationContext;
      boolean txInjected = false;
      if (transactional) {
         if (!isPutForExternalRead) {
            Transaction transaction = getOngoingTransaction();
            if (transaction == null && config.transaction().autoCommit()) {
               transaction = tryBegin();
               txInjected = true;
            }
            invocationContext = invocationContextFactory.createInvocationContext(transaction, txInjected);
         } else {
            invocationContext = invocationContextFactory.createSingleKeyNonTxInvocationContext();
         }
      } else {
         invocationContext = invocationContextFactory.createInvocationContext(true, keyCount);
      }
      return invocationContext;
   }

   @Override
   public boolean lock(K... keys) {
      assertKeyNotNull(keys);
      return lock(Arrays.asList(keys), EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @Override
   public boolean lock(Collection<? extends K> keys) {
      return lock(keys, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   boolean lock(Collection<? extends K> keys, long flagsBitSet) {
      if (!transactional)
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Calling lock() on non-transactional caches is not allowed");

      if (keys == null || keys.isEmpty()) {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot lock empty list of keys");
      }
      InvocationContext ctx = invocationContextFactory.createInvocationContext(true, UNBOUNDED);
      LockControlCommand command = commandsFactory.buildLockControlCommand(keys, flagsBitSet);
      ctx.setLockOwner(command.getKeyLockOwner());
      return (Boolean) invoker.invoke(ctx, command);
   }

   @Override
   public void applyDelta(K deltaAwareValueKey, Delta delta, Object... locksToAcquire) {
      if (locksToAcquire == null || locksToAcquire.length == 0) {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot lock empty list of keys");
      }
      InvocationContext ctx = invocationContextFactory.createInvocationContext(true, UNBOUNDED);
      ApplyDeltaCommand command = commandsFactory.buildApplyDeltaCommand(deltaAwareValueKey, delta,
                                                                         Arrays.asList(locksToAcquire));
      ctx.setLockOwner(command.getKeyLockOwner());
      invoker.invoke(ctx, command);
   }

   @Override
   @ManagedOperation(
         description = "Starts the cache.",
         displayName = "Starts cache."
   )
   public void start() {
      componentRegistry.start();
      if (log.isDebugEnabled()) log.debugf("Started cache %s on %s", getName(), getCacheManager().getAddress());
   }

   @Override
   @ManagedOperation(
         description = "Stops the cache.",
         displayName = "Stops cache."
   )
   public void stop() {
      performImmediateShutdown();
   }

   @Override
   @ManagedOperation(
         description = "Shuts down the cache across the cluster",
         displayName = "Clustered cache shutdown"
   )
   public void shutdown() {
      if (log.isDebugEnabled())
         log.debugf("Shutting down cache %s on %s", getName(), getCacheManager().getAddress());

      synchronized (this) {
         if (!stopping && componentRegistry.getStatus() == ComponentStatus.RUNNING) {
            stopping = true;
            requestClusterWideShutdown();
         }
      }

   }

   private void requestClusterWideShutdown() {
      // If the cache is clustered, perform a cluster-wide shutdown, otherwise do it immediately
      if (config.clustering().cacheMode().isClustered()) {
         try {
            localTopologyManager.cacheShutdown(name);
         } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new CacheException(e);
         }
      }
      performImmediateShutdown();
   }

   private void performImmediateShutdown() {
      if (log.isDebugEnabled())
         log.debugf("Stopping cache %s on %s", getName(), getCacheManager().getAddress());
      componentRegistry.stop();
   }

   public void performGracefulShutdown() {
      // Perform any orderly shutdown operations here
      PassivationManager passivationManager = componentRegistry.getComponent(PassivationManager.class);
      if (passivationManager != null) {
         passivationManager.passivateAll();
      }
   }

   @Override
   public List<CommandInterceptor> getInterceptorChain() {
      List<AsyncInterceptor> interceptors = invoker.getInterceptors();
      ArrayList<CommandInterceptor> list = new ArrayList<>(interceptors.size());
      interceptors.forEach(interceptor -> {
         if (interceptor instanceof CommandInterceptor) {
            list.add((CommandInterceptor) interceptor);
         }
      });
      return list;
   }

   @Override
   public void addInterceptor(CommandInterceptor i, int position) {
      invoker.addInterceptor(i, position);
   }

   @Override
   public AsyncInterceptorChain getAsyncInterceptorChain() {
      return invoker;
   }

   @Override
   public boolean addInterceptorAfter(CommandInterceptor i, Class<? extends CommandInterceptor> afterInterceptor) {
      return invoker.addInterceptorAfter(i, afterInterceptor);
   }

   @Override
   public boolean addInterceptorBefore(CommandInterceptor i, Class<? extends CommandInterceptor> beforeInterceptor) {
      return invoker.addInterceptorBefore(i, beforeInterceptor);
   }

   @Override
   public void removeInterceptor(int position) {
      invoker.removeInterceptor(position);
   }

   @Override
   public void removeInterceptor(Class<? extends CommandInterceptor> interceptorType) {
      invoker.removeInterceptor(interceptorType);
   }

   @Override
   public EvictionManager getEvictionManager() {
      return evictionManager;
   }

   @Override
   public ExpirationManager getExpirationManager() {
      return expirationManager;
   }

   @Override
   public ComponentRegistry getComponentRegistry() {
      return componentRegistry;
   }

   @Override
   public DistributionManager getDistributionManager() {
      return distributionManager;
   }

   @Override
   public AuthorizationManager getAuthorizationManager() {
      return authorizationManager;
   }

   @Override
   public ComponentStatus getStatus() {
      return componentRegistry.getStatus();
   }

   /**
    * Returns String representation of ComponentStatus enumeration in order to avoid class not found exceptions in JMX
    * tools that don't have access to infinispan classes.
    */
   @ManagedAttribute(
         description = "Returns the cache status",
         displayName = "Cache status",
         dataType = DataType.TRAIT,
         displayType = DisplayType.SUMMARY
   )
   public String getCacheStatus() {
      return getStatus().toString();
   }

   @Override
   public AvailabilityMode getAvailability() {
      return partitionHandlingManager.getAvailabilityMode();
   }

   @Override
   public void setAvailability(AvailabilityMode availability) {
      if (localTopologyManager != null) {
         try {
            localTopologyManager.setCacheAvailability(getName(), availability);
         } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new CacheException(e);
         }
      }
   }

   @ManagedAttribute(
         description = "Returns the cache availability",
         displayName = "Cache availability",
         dataType = DataType.TRAIT,
         writable = true
   )
   public String getCacheAvailability() {
      return getAvailability().toString();
   }

   public void setCacheAvailability(String availabilityString) throws Exception {
      setAvailability(AvailabilityMode.valueOf(availabilityString));
   }

   @ManagedAttribute(
         description = "Returns whether cache rebalancing is enabled",
         displayName = "Cache rebalacing",
         dataType = DataType.TRAIT,
         writable = true
   )
   public boolean isRebalancingEnabled() {
      if (localTopologyManager != null) {
         try {
            return localTopologyManager.isCacheRebalancingEnabled(getName());
         } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new CacheException(e);
         }
      } else {
         return false;
      }
   }

   public void setRebalancingEnabled(boolean enabled) {
      if (localTopologyManager != null) {
         try {
            localTopologyManager.setCacheRebalancingEnabled(getName(), enabled);
         } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new CacheException(e);
         }
      }
   }

   @Override
   public boolean startBatch() {
      if (!batchingEnabled) {
         throw log.invocationBatchingNotEnabled();
      }
      return batchContainer.startBatch();
   }

   @Override
   public void endBatch(boolean successful) {
      if (!batchingEnabled) {
         throw log.invocationBatchingNotEnabled();
      }
      batchContainer.endBatch(successful);
   }

   @Override
   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the cache name. If this is the default cache, it returns a more friendly name.
    */
   @ManagedAttribute(
         description = "Returns the cache name",
         displayName = "Cache name",
         dataType = DataType.TRAIT,
         displayType = DisplayType.SUMMARY
   )
   public String getCacheName() {
      String name = getName().equals(BasicCacheContainer.DEFAULT_CACHE_NAME) ? "Default Cache" : getName();
      return name + "(" + getCacheConfiguration().clustering().cacheMode().toString().toLowerCase() + ")";
   }

   /**
    * Returns the version of Infinispan.
    */
   @ManagedAttribute(
         description = "Returns the version of Infinispan",
         displayName = "Infinispan version",
         dataType = DataType.TRAIT,
         displayType = DisplayType.SUMMARY
   )
   @Override
   public String getVersion() {
      return Version.getVersion();
   }

   @Override
   public String toString() {
      return "Cache '" + name + "'@" + (config !=null && config.clustering().cacheMode().isClustered() ? getCacheManager().getAddress() : Util.hexIdHashCode(this));
   }

   @Override
   public BatchContainer getBatchContainer() {
      return batchContainer;
   }

   @Override
   public InvocationContextContainer getInvocationContextContainer() {
      return null;
   }

   @Override
   public DataContainer getDataContainer() {
      return dataContainer;
   }

   @Override
   public TransactionManager getTransactionManager() {
      return transactionManager;
   }

   @Override
   public LockManager getLockManager() {
      return this.lockManager;
   }

   @Override
   public EmbeddedCacheManager getCacheManager() {
      return cacheManager;
   }

   @Override
   public Stats getStats() {
      return new StatsImpl(invoker);
   }

   @Override
   public XAResource getXAResource() {
      return new TransactionXaAdapter((XaTransactionTable) txTable);
   }

   @Override
   public final V put(K key, V value, long lifespan, TimeUnit lifespanUnit, long maxIdleTime, TimeUnit idleTimeUnit) {
      Metadata metadata = new EmbeddedMetadata.Builder()
            .lifespan(lifespan, lifespanUnit)
            .maxIdle(maxIdleTime, idleTimeUnit).build();
      return put(key, value, metadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   final V put(K key, V value, Metadata metadata, long explicitFlags) {
      assertKeyValueNotNull(key, value);
      InvocationContext ctx = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransaction(false, 1);
      return putInternal(key, value, metadata, explicitFlags, ctx);
   }

   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   private V putInternal(K key, V value, Metadata metadata,
         long explicitFlags, InvocationContext ctx) {
      long flags = addUnsafeFlags(explicitFlags);
      Metadata merged = applyDefaultMetadata(metadata);
      PutKeyValueCommand command = commandsFactory.buildPutKeyValueCommand(key, value, merged, flags);
      ctx.setLockOwner(command.getKeyLockOwner());
      return (V) executeCommandAndCommitIfNeeded(ctx, command);
   }

   private long addIgnoreReturnValuesFlag(long flagBitSet) {
      return EnumUtil.mergeBitSets(flagBitSet, FlagBitSets.IGNORE_RETURN_VALUES);
   }

   private long addUnsafeFlags(long flagBitSet) {
      return config.unsafe().unreliableReturnValues() ? addIgnoreReturnValuesFlag(flagBitSet) :
            flagBitSet;
   }

   @Override
   public final V putIfAbsent(K key, V value, long lifespan, TimeUnit lifespanUnit, long maxIdleTime, TimeUnit idleTimeUnit) {
      Metadata metadata = new EmbeddedMetadata.Builder()
            .lifespan(lifespan, lifespanUnit)
            .maxIdle(maxIdleTime, idleTimeUnit).build();
      return putIfAbsent(key, value, metadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   final V putIfAbsent(K key, V value, Metadata metadata, long explicitFlags) {
      assertKeyValueNotNull(key, value);
      InvocationContext ctx = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransaction(
            EnumUtil.containsAny(explicitFlags, FlagBitSets.PUT_FOR_EXTERNAL_READ), 1);
      return putIfAbsentInternal(key, value, metadata, explicitFlags, ctx);
   }

   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   private V putIfAbsentInternal(K key, V value, Metadata metadata,
         long explicitFlags, InvocationContext ctx) {
      long flags = addUnsafeFlags(explicitFlags);
      Metadata merged = applyDefaultMetadata(metadata);
      PutKeyValueCommand command = commandsFactory.buildPutKeyValueCommand(key, value, merged, flags);
      command.setPutIfAbsent(true);
      command.setValueMatcher(ValueMatcher.MATCH_EXPECTED);
      ctx.setLockOwner(command.getKeyLockOwner());
      return (V) executeCommandAndCommitIfNeeded(ctx, command);
   }

   @Override
   public final void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map, long lifespan, TimeUnit lifespanUnit, long maxIdleTime, TimeUnit idleTimeUnit) {
      Metadata metadata = new EmbeddedMetadata.Builder()
            .lifespan(lifespan, lifespanUnit)
            .maxIdle(maxIdleTime, idleTimeUnit).build();
      putAll(map, metadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map, Metadata metadata, long explicitFlags) {
      InvocationContext ctx = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransaction(false, map.size());
      putAllInternal(map, metadata, explicitFlags, ctx);
   }

   private void putAllInternal(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map, Metadata metadata, long explicitFlags, InvocationContext ctx) {
      InfinispanCollections.assertNotNullEntries(map, "map");
      Metadata merged = applyDefaultMetadata(metadata);
      // Vanilla PutMapCommand returns previous values; add IGNORE_RETURN_VALUES as the API will drop the return value
      // interceptors are free to clear this flag if appropriate (since interceptors are the only consumers of the
      // return value)
      explicitFlags = EnumUtil.mergeBitSets(explicitFlags, FlagBitSets.IGNORE_RETURN_VALUES);
      PutMapCommand command = commandsFactory.buildPutMapCommand(map, merged, explicitFlags);
      ctx.setLockOwner(command.getKeyLockOwner());
      executeCommandAndCommitIfNeeded(ctx, command);
   }

   @Override
   public final V replace(K key, V value, long lifespan, TimeUnit lifespanUnit, long maxIdleTime, TimeUnit idleTimeUnit) {
      Metadata metadata = new EmbeddedMetadata.Builder()
            .lifespan(lifespan, lifespanUnit)
            .maxIdle(maxIdleTime, idleTimeUnit).build();
      return replace(key, value, metadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   final V replace(K key, V value, Metadata metadata, long explicitFlags) {
      assertKeyValueNotNull(key, value);
      InvocationContext ctx = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransaction(false, 1);
      return replaceInternal(key, value, metadata, explicitFlags, ctx);
   }

   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   private V replaceInternal(K key, V value, Metadata metadata, long explicitFlags, InvocationContext ctx) {
      long flags = addUnsafeFlags(explicitFlags);
      Metadata merged = applyDefaultMetadata(metadata);
      ReplaceCommand command = commandsFactory.buildReplaceCommand(key, null, value, merged, flags);
      ctx.setLockOwner(command.getKeyLockOwner());
      return (V) executeCommandAndCommitIfNeeded(ctx, command);
   }

   @Override
   public final boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V value, long lifespan, TimeUnit lifespanUnit, long maxIdleTime, TimeUnit idleTimeUnit) {
      Metadata metadata = new EmbeddedMetadata.Builder()
            .lifespan(lifespan, lifespanUnit)
            .maxIdle(maxIdleTime, idleTimeUnit).build();
      return replace(key, oldValue, value, metadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V value, Metadata metadata, long explicitFlags) {
      assertKeyValueNotNull(key, value);
      assertValueNotNull(oldValue);
      InvocationContext ctx = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransaction(false, 1);
      return replaceInternal(key, oldValue, value, metadata, explicitFlags, ctx);
   }

   private boolean replaceInternal(K key, V oldValue, V value, Metadata metadata,
         long explicitFlags, InvocationContext ctx) {
      Metadata merged = applyDefaultMetadata(metadata);
      ReplaceCommand command = commandsFactory.buildReplaceCommand(key, oldValue, value, merged, explicitFlags);
      ctx.setLockOwner(command.getKeyLockOwner());
      return (Boolean) executeCommandAndCommitIfNeeded(ctx, command);
   }

   /**
    * Wraps a return value as a future, if needed.  Typically, if the stack, operation and configuration support
    * handling of futures, this retval is already a future in which case this method does nothing except cast to
    * future.
    * <p/>
    * Otherwise, a future wrapper is created, which has already completed and simply returns the retval.  This is used
    * for API consistency.
    *
    * @param retval return value to wrap
    * @param <X>    contents of the future
    * @return a future
    */
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   private <X> CompletableFuture<X> wrapInFuture(final Object retval) {
      if (retval instanceof CompletableFuture) {
         return (CompletableFuture<X>) retval;
      } else {
         return CompletableFuture.completedFuture((X) retval);
      }
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<V> putAsync(K key, V value, long lifespan, TimeUnit lifespanUnit, long maxIdle, TimeUnit maxIdleUnit) {
      Metadata metadata = new EmbeddedMetadata.Builder()
            .lifespan(lifespan, lifespanUnit)
            .maxIdle(maxIdle, maxIdleUnit).build();
      return putAsync(key, value, metadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final CompletableFuture<V> putAsync(final K key, final V value, final Metadata metadata, final long explicitFlags) {
      assertKeyValueNotNull(key, value);
      final InvocationContext ctx = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransactionForAsyncOps(false, 1);
      return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
         try {
            associateImplicitTransactionWithCurrentThread(ctx);
         } catch (InvalidTransactionException | SystemException e) {
            throw new CompletionException(e);
         }
         return putInternal(key, value, metadata, explicitFlags, ctx);
      }, asyncExecutor);
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<Void> putAllAsync(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> data, long lifespan, TimeUnit lifespanUnit, long maxIdle, TimeUnit maxIdleUnit) {
      Metadata metadata = new EmbeddedMetadata.Builder()
            .lifespan(lifespan, lifespanUnit)
            .maxIdle(maxIdle, maxIdleUnit).build();
      return putAllAsync(data, metadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final CompletableFuture<Void> putAllAsync(final Map<? extends K, ? extends V> data, final Metadata metadata, final long explicitFlags) {
      final InvocationContext ctx = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransactionForAsyncOps(false, data.size());
      return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
         try {
            associateImplicitTransactionWithCurrentThread(ctx);
         } catch (InvalidTransactionException | SystemException e) {
            throw new CompletionException(e);
         }
         putAllInternal(data, metadata, explicitFlags, ctx);
         return null;
      }, asyncExecutor);
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<Void> clearAsync() {
      return clearAsync(EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final CompletableFuture<Void> clearAsync(final long explicitFlags) {
      return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
         clear(explicitFlags);
         return null;
      }, asyncExecutor);
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<V> putIfAbsentAsync(K key, V value, long lifespan, TimeUnit lifespanUnit, long maxIdle, TimeUnit maxIdleUnit) {
      Metadata metadata = new EmbeddedMetadata.Builder()
            .lifespan(lifespan, lifespanUnit)
            .maxIdle(maxIdle, maxIdleUnit).build();
      return putIfAbsentAsync(key, value, metadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final CompletableFuture<V> putIfAbsentAsync(final K key, final V value, final Metadata metadata,
         final long explicitFlags) {
      assertKeyValueNotNull(key, value);
      final InvocationContext ctx = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransactionForAsyncOps(false, 1);
      return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
         try {
            associateImplicitTransactionWithCurrentThread(ctx);
         } catch (InvalidTransactionException | SystemException e) {
            throw new CompletionException(e);
         }
         return putIfAbsentInternal(key, value, metadata, explicitFlags, ctx);
      }, asyncExecutor);
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<V> removeAsync(Object key) {
      return removeAsync(key, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final CompletableFuture<V> removeAsync(final Object key, final long explicitFlags) {
      assertKeyNotNull(key);
      final InvocationContext ctx = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransactionForAsyncOps(false, 1);
      return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
         try {
            associateImplicitTransactionWithCurrentThread(ctx);
         } catch (InvalidTransactionException | SystemException e) {
            throw new CompletionException(e);
         }
         return removeInternal(key, explicitFlags, ctx);
      }, asyncExecutor);
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<Boolean> removeAsync(Object key, Object value) {
      return removeAsync(key, value, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final CompletableFuture<Boolean> removeAsync(final Object key, final Object value, final long explicitFlags) {
      assertKeyValueNotNull(key, value);
      final InvocationContext ctx = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransactionForAsyncOps(false, 1);
      return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
         try {
            associateImplicitTransactionWithCurrentThread(ctx);
         } catch (InvalidTransactionException | SystemException e) {
            throw new CompletionException(e);
         }
         return removeInternal(key, value, explicitFlags, ctx);
      }, asyncExecutor);
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<V> replaceAsync(K key, V value, long lifespan, TimeUnit lifespanUnit, long maxIdle, TimeUnit maxIdleUnit) {
      Metadata metadata = new EmbeddedMetadata.Builder()
            .lifespan(lifespan, lifespanUnit)
            .maxIdle(maxIdle, maxIdleUnit).build();
      return replaceAsync(key, value, metadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final CompletableFuture<V> replaceAsync(final K key, final V value, final Metadata metadata,
                                         final long explicitFlags) {
      assertKeyValueNotNull(key, value);
      final InvocationContext ctx = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransactionForAsyncOps(false, 1);
      return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
         try {
            associateImplicitTransactionWithCurrentThread(ctx);
         } catch (InvalidTransactionException | SystemException e) {
            throw new CompletionException(e);
         }
         return replaceInternal(key, value, metadata, explicitFlags, ctx);
      }, asyncExecutor);
   }

   @Override
   public final CompletableFuture<Boolean> replaceAsync(K key, V oldValue, V newValue, long lifespan, TimeUnit lifespanUnit, long maxIdle, TimeUnit maxIdleUnit) {
      Metadata metadata = new EmbeddedMetadata.Builder()
            .lifespan(lifespan, lifespanUnit)
            .maxIdle(maxIdle, maxIdleUnit).build();
      return replaceAsync(key, oldValue, newValue, metadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   final CompletableFuture<Boolean> replaceAsync(final K key, final V oldValue, final V newValue,
                                               final Metadata metadata, final long explicitFlags) {
      assertKeyValueNotNull(key, newValue);
      assertValueNotNull(oldValue);
      final InvocationContext ctx = getInvocationContextWithImplicitTransactionForAsyncOps(false, 1);
      return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
         try {
            associateImplicitTransactionWithCurrentThread(ctx);
         } catch (InvalidTransactionException | SystemException e) {
            throw new CompletionException(e);
         }
         return replaceInternal(key, oldValue, newValue, metadata, explicitFlags, ctx);
      }, asyncExecutor);
   }

   @Override
   public CompletableFuture<V> getAsync(K key) {
      return getAsync(key, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   CompletableFuture<V> getAsync(final K key, final long explicitFlags) {
      // Optimization to not start a new thread only when the operation is cheap:
      if (asyncSkipsThread(explicitFlags, key)) {
         return wrapInFuture(get(key, explicitFlags));
      } else {
         return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> get(key, explicitFlags), asyncExecutor);
      }
   }

   /**
    * Encodes the cases for an asyncGet operation in which it makes sense to actually perform the operation in sync.
    *
    * @return true if we skip the thread (performing it in sync)
    */
   private boolean asyncSkipsThread(long flags, K key) {
      if (!isSkipLoader(flags)) {
         // if we can't skip the cacheloader, we really want a thread for async.
         return false;
      }
      if (!config.clustering().cacheMode().isDistributed()) {
         //in these cluster modes we won't RPC for a get, so no need to fork a thread.
         return true;
      } else if (EnumUtil.containsAny(flags, FlagBitSets.SKIP_REMOTE_LOOKUP | FlagBitSets.CACHE_MODE_LOCAL)) {
         //with these flags we won't RPC either
         return true;
      }
      //finally, we will skip the thread if the key maps to the local node
      return distributionManager.getCacheTopology().isReadOwner(key);
   }

   private boolean isSkipLoader(long flags) {
      boolean hasCacheLoaderConfig = !config.persistence().stores().isEmpty();
      return !hasCacheLoaderConfig
            || (EnumUtil.containsAny(flags, FlagBitSets.SKIP_CACHE_LOAD | FlagBitSets.SKIP_CACHE_STORE));
   }

   @Override
   public AdvancedCache<K, V> getAdvancedCache() {
      return this;
   }

   @Override
   public RpcManager getRpcManager() {
      return rpcManager;
   }

   @Override
   public AdvancedCache<K, V> withFlags(final Flag... flags) {
      if (flags == null || flags.length == 0)
         return this;
      else
         return new DecoratedCache<>(this, flags);
   }

   @Override
   public AdvancedCache<K, V> withSubject(Subject subject) {
      return this; // NO-OP
   }

   private Transaction getOngoingTransaction() {
      try {
         Transaction transaction = null;
         if (transactionManager != null) {
            transaction = transactionManager.getTransaction();
            if (transaction == null && batchingEnabled) {
               transaction = batchContainer.getBatchTransaction();
            }
         }
         return transaction;
      } catch (SystemException e) {
         throw new CacheException("Unable to get transaction", e);
      }
   }

   private Object executeCommandAndCommitIfNeeded(InvocationContext ctx, VisitableCommand command) {
      final boolean txInjected = isTxInjected(ctx);
      Object result;
      try {
         result = invoker.invoke(ctx, command);
      } catch (RuntimeException e) {
         if (txInjected) tryRollback();
         throw e;
      }

      if (txInjected) {
         tryCommit();
      }

      return result;
   }

   private boolean isTxInjected(InvocationContext ctx) {
      return ctx.isInTxScope() && ((TxInvocationContext) ctx).isImplicitTransaction();
   }

   private Transaction tryBegin() {
      if (transactionManager == null) {
         return null;
      }
      try {
         transactionManager.begin();
         final Transaction transaction = getOngoingTransaction();
         if (trace) {
            log.tracef("Implicit transaction started! Transaction: %s", transaction);
         }
         return transaction;
      } catch (RuntimeException e) {
         throw e;
      } catch (Exception e) {
         throw new CacheException("Unable to begin implicit transaction.", e);
      }
   }

   private void tryRollback() {
      try {
         if (transactionManager != null) transactionManager.rollback();
      } catch (Throwable t) {
         if (trace) log.trace("Could not rollback", t);//best effort
      }
   }

   private void tryCommit() {
      if (transactionManager == null) {
         return;
      }
      if (trace)
         log.tracef("Committing transaction as it was implicit: %s", getOngoingTransaction());
      try {
         transactionManager.commit();
      } catch (Throwable e) {
         log.couldNotCompleteInjectedTransaction(e);
         throw new CacheException("Could not commit implicit transaction", e);
      }
   }

   @Override
   public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
      ClassLoader classLoader = globalCfg.classLoader();
      return classLoader != null ? classLoader : Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
   }

   @Override
   public AdvancedCache<K, V> with(ClassLoader classLoader) {
      return this;
   }

   @Override
   public V put(K key, V value, Metadata metadata) {
      return put(key, value, metadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @Override
   public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map, Metadata metadata) {
      putAll(map, metadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   private Metadata applyDefaultMetadata(Metadata metadata) {
      if (metadata == null) {
         return defaultMetadata;
      }
      Metadata.Builder builder = metadata.builder();
      return builder != null ? builder.merge(defaultMetadata).build() : metadata;
   }

   @Override
   public V replace(K key, V value, Metadata metadata) {
      return replace(key, value, metadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @Override
   public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V value, Metadata metadata) {
      return replace(key, oldValue, value, metadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @Override
   public V putIfAbsent(K key, V value, Metadata metadata) {
      return putIfAbsent(key, value, metadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   @Override
   public CompletableFuture<V> putAsync(K key, V value, Metadata metadata) {
      return putAsync(key, value, metadata, EnumUtil.EMPTY_BIT_SET);
   }

   private void associateImplicitTransactionWithCurrentThread(InvocationContext ctx) throws InvalidTransactionException, SystemException {
      if (isTxInjected(ctx)) {
         Transaction transaction = ((TxInvocationContext) ctx).getTransaction();
         if (transaction == null)
            throw new IllegalStateException("Null transaction not possible!");
         transactionManager.resume(transaction);
      }
   }

   private Transaction suspendOngoingTransactionIfExists() {
      final Transaction tx = getOngoingTransaction();
      if (tx != null) {
         try {
            transactionManager.suspend();
         } catch (SystemException e) {
            throw new CacheException("Unable to suspend transaction.", e);
         }
      }
      return tx;
   }

   private void resumePreviousOngoingTransaction(Transaction transaction, boolean failSilently, String failMessage) {
      if (transaction != null) {
         try {
            transactionManager.resume(transaction);
         } catch (Exception e) {
            if (failSilently) {
               if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                  log.debug(failMessage);
               }
            } else {
               throw new CacheException(failMessage, e);
            }
         }
      }
   }

   @ManagedAttribute(
         description = "Returns the cache configuration in form of properties",
         displayName = "Cache configuration properties",
         dataType = DataType.TRAIT,
         displayType = DisplayType.SUMMARY
   )
   public Properties getConfigurationAsProperties() {
      return new PropertyFormatter().format(config);
   }

}
