/**
 * MVEL 2.0
 * Copyright (C) 2007 The Codehaus
 * Mike Brock, Dhanji Prasanna, John Graham, Mark Proctor
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.mvel2;

import org.mvel2.ast.Function;
import org.mvel2.ast.Proto;
import org.mvel2.ast.TypeDescriptor;
import org.mvel2.integration.GlobalListenerFactory;
import org.mvel2.integration.VariableResolverFactory;
import org.mvel2.integration.impl.ImmutableDefaultFactory;
import org.mvel2.util.ErrorUtil;
import org.mvel2.util.MethodStub;
import org.mvel2.util.ParseTools;
import org.mvel2.util.StringAppender;

import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.*;

import static java.lang.Character.isJavaIdentifierPart;
import static java.lang.Thread.currentThread;
import static java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength;
import static org.mvel2.DataConversion.canConvert;
import static org.mvel2.DataConversion.convert;
import static org.mvel2.MVEL.eval;
import static org.mvel2.ast.TypeDescriptor.getClassReference;
import static org.mvel2.compiler.AbstractParser.LITERALS;
import static org.mvel2.compiler.AbstractParser.getCurrentThreadParserContext;
import static org.mvel2.integration.GlobalListenerFactory.notifySetListeners;
import static org.mvel2.integration.PropertyHandlerFactory.*;
import static org.mvel2.util.ParseTools.*;
import static org.mvel2.util.PropertyTools.getFieldOrAccessor;
import static org.mvel2.util.PropertyTools.getFieldOrWriteAccessor;


@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
/**
 * The property accessor class is used for extracting properties from objects instances.
 */
public class PropertyAccessor {
  private int start = 0;
  private int cursor = 0;
  private int st;

  private char[] property;
  private int length;
  private int end;

  private Object thisReference;
  private Object ctx;
  private Object curr;

  private boolean first = true;
  private boolean nullHandle = false;

  private VariableResolverFactory variableFactory;

  private static final int DONE = -1;
  private static final int NORM = 0;
  private static final int METH = 1;
  private static final int COL = 2;
  private static final int WITH = 3;

  private static final Object[] EMPTYARG = new Object[0];

  private static final WeakHashMap<Class, WeakHashMap<Integer, WeakReference<Member>>> READ_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE;
  private static final WeakHashMap<Class, WeakHashMap<Integer, WeakReference<Member>>> WRITE_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE;
  private static final WeakHashMap<Class, WeakHashMap<Integer, WeakReference<Object[]>>> METHOD_RESOLVER_CACHE;
  private static final WeakHashMap<Member, WeakReference<Class[]>> METHOD_PARMTYPES_CACHE;

  static {
    READ_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE = (new WeakHashMap<Class, WeakHashMap<Integer, WeakReference<Member>>>(10));
    WRITE_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE = (new WeakHashMap<Class, WeakHashMap<Integer, WeakReference<Member>>>(10));
    METHOD_RESOLVER_CACHE = (new WeakHashMap<Class, WeakHashMap<Integer, WeakReference<Object[]>>>(10));
    METHOD_PARMTYPES_CACHE = new WeakHashMap<Member, WeakReference<Class[]>>(10);
  }


  public PropertyAccessor(char[] property, Object ctx) {
    this.property = property;
    this.length = end = property.length;
    this.ctx = ctx;
  }

  public PropertyAccessor(char[] property, Object ctx, VariableResolverFactory resolver, Object thisReference) {
    this.length = end = (this.property = property).length;
    this.ctx = ctx;
    this.variableFactory = resolver;
    this.thisReference = thisReference;
  }

  public PropertyAccessor(char[] property, Object ctx, Object thisRef, VariableResolverFactory resolver, Object thisReference) {
    this.length = end = (this.property = property).length;
    this.ctx = ctx;
    this.thisReference = thisRef;
    this.variableFactory = resolver;
    this.thisReference = thisReference;
  }

  public PropertyAccessor(VariableResolverFactory resolver, Object thisReference) {
    this.variableFactory = resolver;
    this.thisReference = thisReference;
  }


  public PropertyAccessor(char[] property, int start, int offset, Object ctx, VariableResolverFactory resolver, Object thisReference) {
    this.property = property;
    this.cursor = this.st = this.start = start;
    this.length = offset;
    this.end = start + offset;
    this.ctx = ctx;
    this.variableFactory = resolver;
    this.thisReference = thisReference;
  }

  public PropertyAccessor(String property, Object ctx) {
    this.length = end = (this.property = property.toCharArray()).length;
    this.ctx = ctx;
    this.variableFactory = new ImmutableDefaultFactory();
  }

  public static Object get(String property, Object ctx) {
    return new PropertyAccessor(property, ctx).get();
  }

  public static Object get(char[] property, Object ctx, VariableResolverFactory resolver, Object thisReference) {
    return new PropertyAccessor(property, ctx, resolver, thisReference).get();
  }

  public static Object get(char[] property, int offset, int end, Object ctx, VariableResolverFactory resolver) {
    return new PropertyAccessor(property, offset, end, ctx, resolver, null).get();
  }

  public static Object get(char[] property, int offset, int end, Object ctx, VariableResolverFactory resolver, Object thisReferece) {
    return new PropertyAccessor(property, offset, end, ctx, resolver, thisReferece).get();
  }

  public static Object get(String property, Object ctx, VariableResolverFactory resolver, Object thisReference) {
    return new PropertyAccessor(property.toCharArray(), ctx, resolver, thisReference).get();
  }

  public static void set(Object ctx, String property, Object value) {
    new PropertyAccessor(property, ctx).set(value);
  }

  public static void set(Object ctx, VariableResolverFactory resolver, String property, Object value) {
    new PropertyAccessor(property.toCharArray(), ctx, resolver, null).set(value);
  }

  private Object get() {
    curr = ctx;

    try {
      if (!MVEL.COMPILER_OPT_ALLOW_OVERRIDE_ALL_PROPHANDLING) {
        return getNormal();
      }
      else {
        return getAllowOverride();
      }
    }
    catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
      throw new PropertyAccessException("could not access property", property, cursor, e);
    }
    catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
      throw new PropertyAccessException("could not access property", property, cursor, e);
    }
    catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
      throw new PropertyAccessException("array or collections index out of bounds in property: "
          + new String(property, cursor, length), property, cursor, e);
    }
    catch (CompileException e) {
      throw ErrorUtil.rewriteIfNeeded(e, property, st);
    }
    catch (NullPointerException e) {
      throw new PropertyAccessException("null pointer exception in property: " + new String(property), property, cursor, e);
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      throw new PropertyAccessException("unknown exception in expression: " + new String(property), property, cursor, e);
    }
  }

  private Object getNormal() throws Exception {
    while (cursor < end) {
      switch (nextToken()) {
        case NORM:
          curr = getBeanProperty(curr, capture());
          break;
        case METH:
          curr = getMethod(curr, capture());
          break;
        case COL:
          curr = getCollectionProperty(curr, capture());
          break;
        case WITH:
          curr = getWithProperty(curr);
          break;
      }

      if (nullHandle) {
        if (curr == null) {
          return null;
        }
        else {
          nullHandle = false;
        }
      }

      first = false;
    }
    return curr;
  }

  private Object getAllowOverride() throws Exception {
    while (cursor < end) {
      switch (nextToken()) {
        case NORM:
          if ((curr = getBeanPropertyAO(curr, capture())) == null && hasNullPropertyHandler()) {
            curr = getNullPropertyHandler().getProperty(capture(), ctx, variableFactory);
          }
          break;
        case METH:
          if ((curr = getMethod(curr, capture())) == null && hasNullMethodHandler()) {
            curr = getNullMethodHandler().getProperty(capture(), ctx, variableFactory);
          }
          break;
        case COL:
          curr = getCollectionPropertyAO(curr, capture());
          break;
        case WITH:
          curr = getWithProperty(curr);
          break;
      }

      if (nullHandle) {
        if (curr == null) {
          return null;
        }
        else {
          nullHandle = false;
        }
      }

      first = false;
    }
    return curr;
  }

  private void set(Object value) {
    curr = ctx;

    try {
      int oLength = end;

      end = findAbsoluteLast(property);

      if ((curr = get()) == null)
        throw new PropertyAccessException("cannot bind to null context: " + new String(property, cursor, length), property, cursor);

      end = oLength;

      if (nextToken() == COL) {
        int _start = ++cursor;

        whiteSpaceSkip();

        if (cursor == length || scanTo(']'))
          throw new PropertyAccessException("unterminated '['", property, cursor);

        String ex = new String(property, _start, cursor - _start);

        if (!MVEL.COMPILER_OPT_ALLOW_OVERRIDE_ALL_PROPHANDLING) {
          if (curr instanceof Map) {
            //noinspection unchecked
            ((Map) curr).put(eval(ex, this.ctx, this.variableFactory), value);
          }
          else if (curr instanceof List) {
            //noinspection unchecked
            ((List) curr).set(eval(ex, this.ctx, this.variableFactory, Integer.class), value);
          }
          else if (hasPropertyHandler(curr.getClass())) {
            getPropertyHandler(curr.getClass()).setProperty(ex, ctx, variableFactory, value);
          }
          else if (curr.getClass().isArray()) {
            Array.set(curr, eval(ex, this.ctx, this.variableFactory, Integer.class), convert(value, getBaseComponentType(curr.getClass())));
          }
          else {
            throw new PropertyAccessException("cannot bind to collection property: "
                + new String(property) + ": not a recognized collection type: " + ctx.getClass(),
                property, cursor);
          }

          return;
        }
        else {
          notifySetListeners(ctx, ex, variableFactory, value);

          if (curr instanceof Map) {
            //noinspection unchecked
            if (hasPropertyHandler(Map.class))
              getPropertyHandler(Map.class).setProperty(ex, curr, variableFactory, value);
            else
              ((Map) curr).put(eval(ex, this.ctx, this.variableFactory), value);
          }
          else if (curr instanceof List) {
            //noinspection unchecked
            if (hasPropertyHandler(List.class))
              getPropertyHandler(List.class).setProperty(ex, curr, variableFactory, value);
            else
              ((List) curr).set(eval(ex, this.ctx, this.variableFactory, Integer.class), value);
          }
          else if (curr.getClass().isArray()) {
            if (hasPropertyHandler(Array.class))
              getPropertyHandler(Array.class).setProperty(ex, curr, variableFactory, value);
            else
              Array.set(curr, eval(ex, this.ctx, this.variableFactory, Integer.class), convert(value, getBaseComponentType(curr.getClass())));
          }
          else if (hasPropertyHandler(curr.getClass())) {
            getPropertyHandler(curr.getClass()).setProperty(ex, curr, variableFactory, value);
          }
          else {
            throw new PropertyAccessException("cannot bind to collection property: " + new String(property)
                + ": not a recognized collection type: " + ctx.getClass(), property, cursor);
          }

          return;
        }
      }
      else if (MVEL.COMPILER_OPT_ALLOW_OVERRIDE_ALL_PROPHANDLING && hasPropertyHandler(curr.getClass())) {
        getPropertyHandler(curr.getClass()).setProperty(capture(), curr, variableFactory, value);
        return;
      }

      String tk = capture();

      Member member = checkWriteCache(curr.getClass(), tk == null ? 0 : tk.hashCode());
      if (member == null) {
        addWriteCache(curr.getClass(), tk.hashCode(),
            (member = value != null ? getFieldOrWriteAccessor(curr.getClass(), tk, value.getClass()) : getFieldOrWriteAccessor(curr.getClass(), tk)));
      }

      if (member instanceof Method) {
        Method meth = (Method) member;

        Class[] paramaterTypes = checkParmTypesCache(meth);

        if (value != null && !paramaterTypes[0].isAssignableFrom(value.getClass())) {
          if (!canConvert(paramaterTypes[0], value.getClass())) {
            throw new CompileException("cannot convert type: "
                + value.getClass() + ": to " + meth.getParameterTypes()[0], property, cursor);
          }
          meth.invoke(curr, convert(value, paramaterTypes[0]));
        }
        else {
          meth.invoke(curr, value);
        }
      }
      else if (member != null) {
        Field fld = (Field) member;

        if (value != null && !fld.getType().isAssignableFrom(value.getClass())) {
          if (!canConvert(fld.getType(), value.getClass())) {
            throw new CompileException("cannot convert type: "
                + value.getClass() + ": to " + fld.getType(), property, cursor);
          }

          fld.set(curr, convert(value, fld.getType()));
        }
        else {
          fld.set(curr, value);
        }
      }
      else if (curr instanceof Map) {
        //noinspection unchecked
        ((Map) curr).put(eval(tk, this.ctx, this.variableFactory), value);
      }
      else {
        throw new PropertyAccessException("could not access/write property (" + tk + ") in: "
            + (curr == null ? "Unknown" : curr.getClass().getName()), property, cursor);
      }
    }
    catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
      throw new PropertyAccessException("could not access property", property, st, e);
    }
    catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
      throw new PropertyAccessException("could not access property", property, st, e);
    }
  }


  private int nextToken() {
    switch (property[st = cursor]) {
      case '[':
        return COL;
      case '{':
        if (property[cursor - 1] == '.') {
          return WITH;
        }
        break;
      case '.':
        // ++cursor;
        while (cursor < end && isWhitespace(property[cursor])) cursor++;
        if ((st + 1) != end) {
          switch (property[cursor = ++st]) {
            case '?':
              cursor = ++st;
              nullHandle = true;
              break;
            case '{':
              return WITH;
          }

        }
    }

    do {
      while (cursor < end && isWhitespace(property[cursor])) cursor++;

      if (cursor < end && property[cursor] == '.') {
        cursor++;
      }
      else {
        break;
      }
    }
    while (true);

    st = cursor;

    //noinspection StatementWithEmptyBody
    while (++cursor < end && isJavaIdentifierPart(property[cursor])) ;

    if (cursor < end) {
      while (isWhitespace(property[cursor])) cursor++;
      switch (property[cursor]) {
        case '[':
          return COL;
        case '(':
          return METH;
        default:
          return 0;
      }
    }
    return 0;
  }

  private String capture() {
    return new String(property, st, trimLeft(cursor) - st);
  }

  protected int trimLeft(int pos) {
    while (pos > 0 && isWhitespace(property[pos - 1])) pos--;
    return pos;
  }

  public static void clearPropertyResolverCache() {
    READ_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE.clear();
    WRITE_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE.clear();
    METHOD_RESOLVER_CACHE.clear();
  }

  public static void reportCacheSizes() {
    System.out.println("read property cache: " + READ_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE.size());
    for (Class cls : READ_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE.keySet()) {
      System.out.println(" [" + cls.getName() + "]: " + READ_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE.get(cls).size() + " entries.");
    }
    System.out.println("write property cache: " + WRITE_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE.size());
    for (Class cls : WRITE_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE.keySet()) {
      System.out.println(" [" + cls.getName() + "]: " + WRITE_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE.get(cls).size() + " entries.");
    }
    System.out.println("method cache: " + METHOD_RESOLVER_CACHE.size());
    for (Class cls : METHOD_RESOLVER_CACHE.keySet()) {
      System.out.println(" [" + cls.getName() + "]: " + METHOD_RESOLVER_CACHE.get(cls).size() + " entries.");
    }
  }

  private static void addReadCache(Class cls, Integer property, Member member) {
    synchronized (READ_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE) {
      WeakHashMap<Integer, WeakReference<Member>> nestedMap = READ_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE.get(cls);

      if (nestedMap == null) {
        READ_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE.put(cls, nestedMap = new WeakHashMap<Integer, WeakReference<Member>>());
      }

      nestedMap.put(property, new WeakReference<Member>(member));
    }
  }

  private static Member checkReadCache(Class cls, Integer property) {
    WeakHashMap<Integer, WeakReference<Member>> map = READ_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE.get(cls);
    if (map != null) {
      WeakReference<Member> member = map.get(property);
      if (member != null) return member.get();
    }
    return null;
  }

  private static void addWriteCache(Class cls, Integer property, Member member) {
    synchronized (WRITE_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE) {
      WeakHashMap<Integer, WeakReference<Member>> map = WRITE_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE.get(cls);
      if (map == null) {
        WRITE_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE.put(cls, map = new WeakHashMap<Integer, WeakReference<Member>>());
      }
      map.put(property, new WeakReference<Member>(member));
    }
  }

  private static Member checkWriteCache(Class cls, Integer property) {
    Map<Integer, WeakReference<Member>> map = WRITE_PROPERTY_RESOLVER_CACHE.get(cls);
    if (map != null) {
      WeakReference<Member> member = map.get(property);
      if (member != null) return member.get();
    }
    return null;
  }

  public static Class[] checkParmTypesCache(Method member) {
    WeakReference<Class[]> pt = METHOD_PARMTYPES_CACHE.get(member);
    Class[] ret;
    if (pt == null || (ret = pt.get()) == null) {
      METHOD_PARMTYPES_CACHE.put(member, pt = new WeakReference<Class[]>(ret = member.getParameterTypes()));
    }
    return ret;
  }


  private static void addMethodCache(Class cls, Integer property, Method member) {
    synchronized (METHOD_RESOLVER_CACHE) {
      WeakHashMap<Integer, WeakReference<Object[]>> map = METHOD_RESOLVER_CACHE.get(cls);
      if (map == null) {
        METHOD_RESOLVER_CACHE.put(cls, map = new WeakHashMap<Integer, WeakReference<Object[]>>());
      }
      map.put(property, new WeakReference<Object[]>(new Object[]{member, member.getParameterTypes()}));
    }
  }

  private static Object[] checkMethodCache(Class cls, Integer property) {
    Map<Integer, WeakReference<Object[]>> map = METHOD_RESOLVER_CACHE.get(cls);
    if (map != null) {
      WeakReference<Object[]> ref = map.get(property);
      if (ref != null) return ref.get();
    }
    return null;
  }

  private Object getBeanPropertyAO(Object ctx, String property)
      throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
    if (ctx != null && hasPropertyHandler(ctx.getClass()))
      return getPropertyHandler(ctx.getClass()).getProperty(property, ctx, variableFactory);

    GlobalListenerFactory.notifyGetListeners(ctx, property, variableFactory);

    return getBeanProperty(ctx, property);
  }

  private Object getBeanProperty(Object ctx, String property)
      throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {

    if (first) {
      if ("this".equals(property)) {
        return this.ctx;
      }
      else if (LITERALS.containsKey(property)) {
        return LITERALS.get(property);
      }
      else if (variableFactory != null && variableFactory.isResolveable(property)) {
        return variableFactory.getVariableResolver(property).getValue();
      }
    }

    if (ctx != null) {


      Class<?> cls;
      if (ctx instanceof Class) {
        if (MVEL.COMPILER_OPT_SUPPORT_JAVA_STYLE_CLASS_LITERALS
            && "class".equals(property)) {
          return ctx;
        }

        cls = (Class<?>) ctx;
      }
      else {
        cls = ctx.getClass();
      }


      Member member = checkReadCache(cls, property.hashCode());

      if (member == null) {
        addReadCache(cls, property.hashCode(), member = getFieldOrAccessor(cls, property));
      }

      if (member instanceof Method) {
        try {
          return ((Method) member).invoke(ctx, EMPTYARG);
        }
        catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
          synchronized (member) {
            try {
              ((Method) member).setAccessible(true);
              return ((Method) member).invoke(ctx, EMPTYARG);
            }
            finally {
              ((Method) member).setAccessible(false);
            }
          }
        }
        catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
          if (member.getDeclaringClass().equals(ctx)) {
            try {
              Class c = Class.forName(member.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "$" + property);

              throw new CompileException("name collision between innerclass: " + c.getCanonicalName()
                  + "; and bean accessor: " + property + " (" + member.toString() + ")", this.property, this.st);
            }
            catch (ClassNotFoundException e2) {
              //fallthru
            }
          }
          throw e;
        }
      }
      else if (member != null) {
        return ((Field) member).get(ctx);
      }
      else if (ctx instanceof Map && (((Map) ctx).containsKey(property) || nullHandle)) {
        if (ctx instanceof Proto.ProtoInstance) {
          return ((Proto.ProtoInstance) ctx).get(property).call(null, thisReference, variableFactory, EMPTY_OBJ_ARR);
        }
        return ((Map) ctx).get(property);
      }
      else if ("length".equals(property) && ctx.getClass().isArray()) {
        return getLength(ctx);
      }
      else if (ctx instanceof Class) {
        Class c = (Class) ctx;
        for (Method m : c.getMethods()) {
          if (property.equals(m.getName())) {
            if (MVEL.COMPILER_OPT_ALLOW_NAKED_METH_CALL) {
              return m.invoke(ctx, EMPTY_OBJ_ARR);
            }
            return m;
          }
        }

        try {
          return findClass(variableFactory, c.getName() + "$" + property, null);
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
          // fall through.
        }
      }
      else if (hasPropertyHandler(cls)) {
        return getPropertyHandler(cls).getProperty(property, ctx, variableFactory);
      }
    }

    Object tryStatic = tryStaticAccess();

    if (tryStatic != null) {
      if (tryStatic instanceof Class || tryStatic instanceof Method) return tryStatic;
      else {
        return ((Field) tryStatic).get(null);
      }
    }
    else if (MVEL.COMPILER_OPT_ALLOW_NAKED_METH_CALL) {
      return getMethod(ctx, property);
    }

    if (ctx == null) {
      throw new PropertyAccessException("unresolvable property or identifier: " + property, this.property, st);
    }
    else {
      throw new PropertyAccessException("could not access: " + property + "; in class: " + ctx.getClass().getName(), this.property, st);
    }
  }

  private void whiteSpaceSkip() {
    if (cursor < end)
      //noinspection StatementWithEmptyBody
      while (isWhitespace(property[cursor]) && ++cursor < end) ;
  }

  /**
   * @param c - character to scan to.
   * @return - returns true is end of statement is hit, false if the scan scar is countered.
   */
  private boolean scanTo(char c) {
    for (; cursor < end; cursor++) {
      switch (property[cursor]) {
        case '\'':
        case '"':
          cursor = captureStringLiteral(property[cursor], property, cursor, end);
        default:
          if (property[cursor] == c) {
            return false;
          }
      }

    }
    return true;
  }

  private Object getWithProperty(Object ctx) {
    int st;

    String nestParm = start == cursor ? null : new String(property, start, cursor - start - 1).trim();

    parseWithExpressions(nestParm, property, st = cursor + 1,
        (cursor = balancedCaptureWithLineAccounting(property, cursor, end,
            '{', getCurrentThreadParserContext())) - st, ctx, variableFactory);
    cursor++;
    return ctx;
  }

  /**
   * Handle accessing a property embedded in a collections, map, or array
   *
   * @param ctx  -
   * @param prop -
   * @return -
   * @throws Exception -
   */
  private Object getCollectionProperty(Object ctx, String prop) throws Exception {
    if (prop.length() != 0) {
      ctx = getBeanProperty(ctx, prop);
    }

    if (ctx == null) return null;

    int _start = ++cursor;
    whiteSpaceSkip();

    if (cursor == end || scanTo(']'))
      throw new PropertyAccessException("unterminated '['", property, cursor);

    prop = new String(property, _start, cursor++ - _start);

    if (ctx instanceof Map) {
      return ((Map) ctx).get(eval(prop, ctx, variableFactory));
    }
    else if (ctx instanceof List) {
      return ((List) ctx).get((Integer) eval(prop, ctx, variableFactory));
    }
    else if (ctx instanceof Collection) {
      int count = (Integer) eval(prop, ctx, variableFactory);
      if (count > ((Collection) ctx).size())
        throw new PropertyAccessException("index [" + count + "] out of bounds on collections", property, cursor);

      Iterator iter = ((Collection) ctx).iterator();
      for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) iter.next();
      return iter.next();
    }
    else if (ctx.getClass().isArray()) {
      return Array.get(ctx, (Integer) eval(prop, ctx, variableFactory));
    }
    else if (ctx instanceof CharSequence) {
      return ((CharSequence) ctx).charAt((Integer) eval(prop, ctx, variableFactory));
    }
    else {
      //     TypeDescriptor td = new TypeDescriptor(property, 0);
      try {
        return getClassReference(getCurrentThreadParserContext(), (Class) ctx, new TypeDescriptor(property, start, length, 0));
      }
      catch (Exception e) {
        throw new PropertyAccessException("illegal use of []: unknown type: "
            + (ctx == null ? null : ctx.getClass().getName()), property, st, e);
      }
    }
  }

  private Object getCollectionPropertyAO(Object ctx, String prop) throws Exception {
    if (prop.length() != 0) {
      ctx = getBeanProperty(ctx, prop);
    }

    if (ctx == null) return null;

    int _start = ++cursor;
    whiteSpaceSkip();

    if (cursor == end || scanTo(']'))
      throw new PropertyAccessException("unterminated '['", property, cursor);

    prop = new String(property, _start, cursor++ - _start);

    if (ctx instanceof Map) {
      if (hasPropertyHandler(Map.class))
        return getPropertyHandler(Map.class).getProperty(prop, ctx, variableFactory);
      else
        return ((Map) ctx).get(eval(prop, ctx, variableFactory));
    }
    else if (ctx instanceof List) {
      if (hasPropertyHandler(List.class))
        return getPropertyHandler(List.class).getProperty(prop, ctx, variableFactory);
      else
        return ((List) ctx).get((Integer) eval(prop, ctx, variableFactory));
    }
    else if (ctx instanceof Collection) {
      if (hasPropertyHandler(Collection.class))
        return getPropertyHandler(Collection.class).getProperty(prop, ctx, variableFactory);
      else {
        int count = (Integer) eval(prop, ctx, variableFactory);
        if (count > ((Collection) ctx).size())
          throw new PropertyAccessException("index [" + count + "] out of bounds on collections",
              property, cursor);

        Iterator iter = ((Collection) ctx).iterator();
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) iter.next();
        return iter.next();
      }
    }
    else if (ctx.getClass().isArray()) {
      if (hasPropertyHandler(Array.class))
        return getPropertyHandler(Array.class).getProperty(prop, ctx, variableFactory);

      return Array.get(ctx, (Integer) eval(prop, ctx, variableFactory));
    }
    else if (ctx instanceof CharSequence) {
      if (hasPropertyHandler(CharSequence.class))
        return getPropertyHandler(CharSequence.class).getProperty(prop, ctx, variableFactory);
      else
        return ((CharSequence) ctx).charAt((Integer) eval(prop, ctx, variableFactory));
    }
    else {
      try {
        return getClassReference(getCurrentThreadParserContext(), (Class) ctx, new TypeDescriptor(property, start, end - start, 0));
      }
      catch (Exception e) {
        throw new PropertyAccessException("illegal use of []: unknown type: "
            + (ctx == null ? null : ctx.getClass().getName()), property, st);
      }
    }
  }


  /**
   * Find an appropriate method, execute it, and return it's response.
   *
   * @param ctx  -
   * @param name -
   * @return -
   * @throws Exception -
   */
  @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
  private Object getMethod(Object ctx, String name) {
    int _start = cursor;

    String tk = cursor != end
        && property[cursor] == '(' && ((cursor = balancedCapture(property, cursor, '(')) - _start) > 1 ?
        new String(property, _start + 1, cursor - _start - 1) : "";

    cursor++;

    Object[] args;
    if (tk.length() == 0) {
      args = ParseTools.EMPTY_OBJ_ARR;
    }
    else {
      List<char[]> subtokens = parseParameterList(tk.toCharArray(), 0, -1);
      args = new Object[subtokens.size()];
      for (int i = 0; i < subtokens.size(); i++) {
        args[i] = eval(subtokens.get(i), thisReference, variableFactory);
      }
    }

    if (first && variableFactory != null && variableFactory.isResolveable(name)) {
      Object ptr = variableFactory.getVariableResolver(name).getValue();
      if (ptr instanceof Method) {
        ctx = ((Method) ptr).getDeclaringClass();
        name = ((Method) ptr).getName();
      }
      else if (ptr instanceof MethodStub) {
        ctx = ((MethodStub) ptr).getClassReference();
        name = ((MethodStub) ptr).getMethodName();
      }
      else if (ptr instanceof Function) {
        ((Function) ptr).checkArgumentCount(args.length);
        return ((Function) ptr).call(null, thisReference, variableFactory, args);
      }
      else {
        throw new OptimizationFailure("attempt to optimize a method call for a reference that does not point to a method: "
            + name + " (reference is type: " + (ctx != null ? ctx.getClass().getName() : null) + ")");
      }

      first = false;
    }

    if (ctx == null) throw new CompileException("no such method or function: " + name, property, cursor);

    /**
     * If the target object is an instance of java.lang.Class itself then do not
     * adjust the Class scope target.
     */
    Class cls = (ctx instanceof Class ? (Class) ctx : ctx.getClass());

    if (cls == Proto.ProtoInstance.class) {
      return ((Proto.ProtoInstance) ctx).get(name).call(null, thisReference, variableFactory, args);
    }

    /**
     * Check to see if we have already cached this method;
     */
    Object[] cache = checkMethodCache(cls, createSignature(name, tk));

    Method m;
    Class[] parameterTypes;

    if (cache != null) {
      m = (Method) cache[0];
      parameterTypes = (Class[]) cache[1];
    }
    else {
      m = null;
      parameterTypes = null;
    }

    /**
     * If we have not cached the method then we need to go ahead and try to resolve it.
     */
    if (m == null) {
      /**
       * Try to find an instance method from the class target.
       */
      if ((m = getBestCandidate(args, name, cls, cls.getMethods(), false)) != null) {
        addMethodCache(cls, createSignature(name, tk), m);
        parameterTypes = m.getParameterTypes();
      }

      if (m == null) {
        /**
         * If we didn't find anything, maybe we're looking for the actual java.lang.Class methods.
         */
        if ((m = getBestCandidate(args, name, cls, cls.getClass().getDeclaredMethods(), false)) != null) {
          addMethodCache(cls, createSignature(name, tk), m);
          parameterTypes = m.getParameterTypes();
        }
      }
    }

    if (m == null) {
      StringAppender errorBuild = new StringAppender();
      for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
        errorBuild.append(args[i] != null ? args[i].getClass().getName() : null);
        if (i < args.length - 1) errorBuild.append(", ");
      }

      if ("size".equals(name) && args.length == 0 && cls.isArray()) {
        return getLength(ctx);
      }

      System.out.println("{ " + new String(property) + " }");


      throw new PropertyAccessException("unable to resolve method: "
          + cls.getName() + "." + name + "(" + errorBuild.toString() + ") [arglength=" + args.length + "]"
          , property, st);
    }
    else {
      for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
        args[i] = convert(args[i], parameterTypes[i]);
      }

      /**
       * Invoke the target method and return the response.
       */
      try {
        return m.invoke(ctx, args);
      }
      catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
        try {
          addMethodCache(cls, createSignature(name, tk), (m = getWidenedTarget(m)));

          return m.invoke(ctx, args);
        }
        catch (Exception e2) {
          throw new PropertyAccessException("unable to invoke method: " + name, property, cursor, e2);
        }
      }
      catch (RuntimeException e) {
        throw e;
      }
      catch (Exception e) {
        throw new PropertyAccessException("unable to invoke method: " + name, property, cursor, e);
      }
    }
  }

  private static int createSignature(String name, String args) {
    return name.hashCode() + args.hashCode();
  }

  public int getCursorPosition() {
    return cursor;
  }


  /**
   * Try static access of the property, and return an instance of the Field, Method of Class if successful.
   *
   * @return - Field, Method or Class instance.
   */
  protected Object tryStaticAccess() {
    int begin = cursor;
    try {
      /**
       * Try to resolve this *smartly* as a static class reference.
       *
       * This starts at the end of the token and starts to step backwards to figure out whether
       * or not this may be a static class reference.  We search for method calls simply by
       * inspecting for ()'s.  The first union area we come to where no brackets are present is our
       * test-point for a class reference.  If we find a class, we pass the reference to the
       * property accessor along  with trailing methods (if any).
       *
       */
      boolean meth = false;
      int last = end;
      for (int i = end - 1; i > start; i--) {
        switch (property[i]) {
          case '.':
            if (!meth) {
              try {
                String test = new String(property, start, (cursor = last) - start);

                return currentThread().getContextClassLoader().loadClass(test);
              }
              catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                Class cls = currentThread().getContextClassLoader().loadClass(new String(property, start, i - start));
                String name = new String(property, i + 1, end - i - 1);
                try {
                  return cls.getField(name);
                }
                catch (NoSuchFieldException nfe) {
                  for (Method m : cls.getMethods()) {
                    if (name.equals(m.getName())) return m;
                  }
                  return null;
                }
              }
            }

            meth = false;
            last = i;
            break;

          case '}':
            i--;
            for (int d = 1; i > 0 && d != 0; i--) {
              switch (property[i]) {
                case '}':
                  d++;
                  break;
                case '{':
                  d--;
                  break;
                case '"':
                case '\'':
                  char s = property[i];
                  while (i > 0 && (property[i] != s && property[i - 1] != '\\')) i--;
              }
            }
            break;

          case ')':
            i--;

            for (int d = 1; i > 0 && d != 0; i--) {
              switch (property[i]) {
                case ')':
                  d++;
                  break;
                case '(':
                  d--;
                  break;
                case '"':
                case '\'':
                  char s = property[i];
                  while (i > 0 && (property[i] != s && property[i - 1] != '\\')) i--;
              }
            }

            meth = true;

            last = i++;

            break;


          case '\'':
            while (--i > 0) {
              if (property[i] == '\'' && property[i - 1] != '\\') {
                break;
              }
            }
            break;

          case '"':
            while (--i > 0) {
              if (property[i] == '"' && property[i - 1] != '\\') {
                break;
              }
            }
            break;
        }
      }
    }
    catch (Exception cnfe) {
      cursor = begin;
    }

    return null;
  }
}
